Good route planning is the foundation of every successful outdoor adventure. Whether you're hiking, paddling, or exploring, a well-planned route means you'll know what to expect, be prepared for challenges, and arrive safely at your destination.

Step 1: Define Your Objective

Start by answering these questions:

• What's the purpose? (Summit, loop walk, point A to B, exploration)
• How much time do you have?
• What's your fitness level and experience?
• Who's in your group? Consider the slowest/least experienced member
• What are the non-negotiables? (Must reach summit, need to return by X time)

Step 2: Gather Information

Research your intended area thoroughly:

• Topographic maps - The foundation of route planning
• Guidebooks - Local knowledge and route descriptions
• Trip reports - Recent conditions and insights from other adventurers
• Park websites - Official information, alerts, and track conditions
• Satellite imagery - Visualise the terrain before you go

Step 3: Analyse the Terrain

Look at your map and identify:

• Distance - Total route length in kilometres
• Elevation gain/loss - Add up all the climbing, not just net change
• Terrain type - Trail, off-track, rocky, water crossings
• Hazards - Cliffs, exposed ridges, creek crossings, loose terrain
• Water sources - Where can you refill along the route?
• Escape routes - Identify bail-out options if conditions deteriorate

Step 4: Estimate Timing

A common formula for hiking time is Naismith's Rule:

Add extra time for breaks, photos, difficult terrain, and group size. A conservative estimate is better than an optimistic one.

Step 5: Create Waypoints

Mark key points on your route:

• Start and finish points
• Decision points where you might go wrong
• Significant landmarks for navigation
• Water sources
• Rest/lunch spots
• Emergency exit points
• Estimated times at each waypoint

Step 6: Plan for Contingencies

Always have backup plans:

• Bad weather plan - Shorter route or postponement criteria
• Running late plan - Where to cut the route short if needed
• Emergency plan - How to get help, who knows your plans
• Turnaround time - The latest time you'll turn back regardless of progress

Step 7: Create Your Route Card

Document your plan in a route card including:

• Route description with waypoints and grid references
• Distance and time between each waypoint
• Bearing between waypoints (for navigation)
• Escape routes and emergency contacts
• Group members and their details
• Vehicle and parking information

Final Checks Before You Go

• Check weather forecast one final time
• Confirm your route card is complete
• Share your plans with someone not on the trip
• Verify you have all maps and navigation tools
• Double-check your turnaround time and emergency contacts

Good route planning takes practice, but it becomes second nature. Each trip you plan builds your knowledge and confidence. Start with well-marked trails and gradually progress to more complex routes as your skills develop.